BLACKHEADS: Blackheads are the result of sebum deposited in the pores of the skin. Blackheads cannot altogether be avoided as they depend on the type of skin. Whiteheads: After the secretion of sebum, pores of the skin get blocked. They cause whiteheads. Whiteheads are also called Melia. Acne/Pimples: This problem prevails commonly in young age because of the oily skin. Over active oil gland causes Blackheads and when Blackheads get infected, they turn into acne or pimples. Allergy: There is no common specific reason for the skin allergy. But food, contagion, medicines, dust, smoke, chemicals, infection, etc.., can cause allergy. Freckles: Small light brown spots on the skin developed by the exposure to sunlight are called freckles. Freckles are found more on the fair skin. Keeping out in sun for long period aggravate the freckles.

Pigmentation: Changes of melanin in skin and other internal changes in skin are the basic reasons of pigmentation. Light or dark round spots on the skin are seen in pigmentation. There are many other reasons, too, that cause pigmentation. Dark circles under eyes: There are many reasons for those dark circles under the eyes. Among them the outstanding ones are insufficient sleep, over strain to eyes, deficiency of vitamins, mental stress, diseases or illness, hereditary genes, etc. Moles: Moles are small and dark. Small moles sometimes add to beauty but big moles are never appreciable. Leuko-derma: it is seen as white spots on the skin. These spots get larger with the passage of time. Leuko-derma is caused by the deficiency or lack of melanin in the skin. For the problem like Leuko-derma permanent make-up, sin-grafting, etc. treatment can be sought from a good cosmetician.

A good beautician must know fairly well about the skin. New cells keep on forming in the skin and the old and worn ones go out of the skin from its upper layer. The cells keep on forming in the lowest layer of our skin. Skin is formed of hair, cells, sweat glands, oil glands, blood veins and etc. It has three layers such as epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. There are few types of skin such as Normal skin, dehydrated skin, Sensitive skin, Combination skin, Mature of aged skin, Oily skin, Dry skin and Shallow skin. To find the type of skin the following three things can be taken help of: Tissue paper, Soap and Litmus paper.

Tissue paper: press the tissue paper lightly on your face before washing your face, soon after you get up in the morning. Then pull it off and examine it. If it has white flakes, the skin is dry. If there are drops of moisture or oiliness on it, the skin is oily; and if you find both of them on it, the skin is normal or it is a combination skin. Soap: After washing the face with soap once more after five to ten minutes, if oiliness is felt on the skin, it is the oily skin. If the skin feels tight after washing the face with soap, it is the dry skin. The normal skin is dry in some parts and oily in others. Litmus paper: Press a litmus paper lightly on your face. If a blue litmus paper turns red, the skin is dry. If a red litmus paper turns blue, the skin is oily. If the litmus paper does not change its color blue or red, it is the normal skin.